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Overview

This interactive chart shows the forms used to represent the vowels and diphthongs of Thai (excluding a small number of extremely rare forms). Click on any table cells to see an explanation of the form and some examples of words using that form.

The symbol 〜 is used to represent an initial consonant or consonant cluster; – represents a final consonant. ◌ is a placeholder allowing tone marks &c. which could not normally be displayed without an accompanying consonant.

Some terms:

Long

This refers to the duration of the vowel or diphthong, being longer than the corresponding short vowel/diphthong, for example /aa/ and /ee/ vs. /a/ and /e/.

Short

Short refers to the duration of the vowel or diphthong, being shorter than the corresponding long vowel/diphthong, for example /a/ and /e/ vs. /aa/ and /ee/.

Open

The syllable doesn't have a final consonant.

Closed

The syllable has a final consonant.

Close

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