Reading Modern Fonts 3:

Thai Character Relationships

In Part 2 we look at groups of characters - consonants, vowels and tone marks - with visually similar characteristics, and identify what sets characters apart. This part presents an alternative view of how characters are both related and visually distinct.

Rojarayont (2001) devised what he called a "Table of Thai Character Relationships". This table organises the Thai characters so that characters which share similar characteristics (for example, when one character is a variant of another) are placed next to each other, either vertically or horizontally. So, for example, is next to , and is next to .

The following tables show the Table of Thai Character Relationships in a standard font (Font 1), and four modern fonts (Fonts 2-5). Studying them reading both horizontally and vertically to see how characters differ from each other - particularly when those differences are minimal.

Font 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ุ
 
 
 
◌ั
 
◌ู
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ิ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ึ
◌ํ
◌ำ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ื
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ี
◌่
◌๋
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌็
◌๊
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌้
◌์
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Font 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ุ
 
 
 
◌ั
 
◌ู
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ิ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ึ
◌ํ
◌ำ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ื
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ี
◌่
◌๋
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌็
◌๊
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌้
◌์
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Font 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ุ
 
 
 
◌ั
 
◌ู
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ิ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ึ
◌ํ
◌ำ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ื
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ี
◌่
◌๋
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌็
◌๊
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌้
◌์
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Font 4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ุ
 
 
 
◌ั
 
◌ู
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ิ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ึ
◌ํ
◌ำ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ื
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ี
◌่
◌๋
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌็
◌๊
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌้
◌์
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Font 5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ุ
 
 
 
◌ั
 
◌ู
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ิ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ึ
◌ํ
◌ำ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ื
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌ี
◌่
◌๋
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌็
◌๊
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
◌้
◌์
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

Rojarayanont, P. (2001). The Attributes of a Good Thai Font.
In Thai Typeface pp. 32-51. National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Bangkok. (Cited in Punsongserm et al. (2017))
Punsongserm, R. et al. (2017). Thai Typefaces (Part 1): Assumption on Visibility and Legibility Problems.
Archives of Design Research. Vol. 30. pp. 5-22.
Part 2 Index Part 4